Iron Age

The Iron Age is part of the three-age system (Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age) that categorizes prehistoric societies by the primary material used to forge tools, and thus, their sophistication. The Iron Age marked the widespread production and use of iron and steel tools and weapons. Like other ages, its start and end dates vary geographically, as the adoption of iron technology didn’t occur simultaneously across the globe. Generally, it began around 1200 BCE in the ancient Middle East and gradually spread to other regions.

Iron’s superior strength and availability compared to bronze allowed for more efficient tools, impacting warfare, farming, construction, and craft production. The Iron Age therefore saw the rise and fall of great empires, as iron-wielding civilizations held a significant advantage. Societies became increasingly complex and stratified, with the development of advanced writing systems, legal codes, and organized religions. Trade networks expanded, leading to increased cultural exchange and conflict. 

The end of the Iron Age is marked by varied factors in different regions. In some areas, it transitioned into periods defined by classical civilizations, such as Ancient Greece and Rome. In other regions, the definition is less clear and depends on historical developments and the introduction of new technologies.

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